The tenth guru, Gobind Singh (1666–1708), named the Sikh scripture Guru Granth Sahib as his successor, bringing to a close the line of human gurus and establishing the scripture as the 11th and last eternally living guru, a religious spiritual/life guide for Sikhs. Sikhism developed from the spiritual teachings of Guru Nanak (1469–1539), the faith's first guru, and the nine Sikh gurus who succeeded him. It is one of the most recently founded major religious groups and among the largest in the world, with about 25–30 million adherents (known as Sikhs). The Sikh scriptures are written in the Gurumukhi script particular to Sikhs. Smith’s definition of a politicized community which shares common ancestry myths dating back to the founding of the Khalsa in 1699 and historical memories of martyrdom and persecution under successive Mughal, British and Indian rulers. The Sikh community may be seen to correspond to A.D. Sikhism ( / ˈ s ɪ k ɪ z əm/ SIK-iz-əm), also known as Sikhi ( Punjabi: ਸਿੱਖੀ Sikkhī, ⓘ, from ਸਿੱਖ, Sikh, 'disciple / learner'), is an Indian religion and philosophy in particular for Sikh ethnicity that originated in the Punjab region of India around the end of the 15th century CE.
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